What distinguishes family businesses?

One of the main differences versus competitors is the long-term strategic orientation of family businesses. As entrepreneurs, we know that patience is often rewarded. Any manager primarily fixated on quarterly results is clearly in an inferior position in this regard. In this context we talk about “owner-operated and not manager-driven”. In areas such as medical technology, for example, seven, ten or more years are regularly required to recoup investments. This is impossible for most “employed” managers– particularly private equity funds with a limited holding periods. As investors in family businesses, we therefore need to give business families time to solve problems and to exploit opportunities.

 

They often do an excellent job of this as they are masters at making permanent improvements and acting decisively. They know that implementation is the key to success. Over a prolonged period, many tiny improvements blossom into significant competitive and margin advantages – similar to the compound interest effect in the financial world. A small variation in the shift schedule here, a minor change to the process workflow there. The individual steps are often anything but complicated, but with time and accumulation
they bring significant benefits. 

Typical strengths of family businesses are:
  • Long-term strategy not focused on quarterly results
  • Constantly working on improvements (including some very small ones)
  • Innovative, driven by products and R&D
  • Capacity to act: fast, unbureaucratic decision-making processes enable decisions to be made promptly
  • It is often their name on the products or above the door – this gives family businesses a sense of obligation towards their customers, employees and society (often their local community)
  • Owner-operated instead of manager-driven
  • More disciplined cost and capital management
  • Stable leadership (fewer changes in management)
  • Strong corporate culture and employee identification with the company
  • They are known for their balance sheet strength – after all, they are working for future generations
  • Crisis resilience and strength – the company is their life’s work and thus more than just another line on a CV
  • Thinking and acting independently and flexibly
  • Entrepreneurs know their market and their customers – they have often grow with the company. They have a feel for doing business in their industry.
How can we quantify these strengths?

This requires the consideration of many qualitative factors. Using a checklist can help with this. However, there are also options for quantifying some of the positive characteristics of family businesses:

  • Balance sheet strength: Debt ratio, leverage, cash ratio...
  • Market leadership: Margin relative to the relevant industry
  • Crisis resilience: Development of profitability throughout the cycle
  • Innovation/R&D focus: Share of R&D expenditure, number of patent applications
  • International focus / export ratio: Headquarters vs Europe, USA, EM
  • Continuity: Number of changes in management
  • More disciplined cost and capital management: ROE, ROIC...
  • Growth momentum: Sales growth, earnings growth
Risk management: what are the particular weaknesses and risks of family businesses?

Just as family businesses have special strengths, they also carry specific risks. Although
the significant influence of fewer people / one family is usually a positive factor, it can
also lead to weakness.


Typical risks of family businesses are:

  • Strong centralisation of power
  • Risk of family conflicts
  • Nepotism
  • Traditional thinking
  • Succession

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